24 Apr We are an essential business and an employee is refusing to work as they say it’s not safe. Can I discipline them?
We are an essential business where there’s a shelter-in-place rule and an employee is refusing to work as they say it’s not safe. Can I discipline them?
This is certainly a difficult situation to be in. Extreme caution is recommended in disciplining or terminating an employee who refuses to work in a location that has shelter-in-place rules in effect, as it poses several types of legal risk.
Generally, employees do not have a right to refuse to work based only on a generalized fear of becoming ill if their fear is not based on objective evidence of possible exposure. In that case, you would be able to enforce your usual attendance policies. However, under the current circumstances, where COVID-19 cases are increasing and many cities and states are implementing drastic public health measures to control spread of the virus, we think it would be difficult to show that employees have no reason to fear coming in to work, particularly in a location with a shelter-in-place rule.
Provide Reasonable Accommodation
Employees who are in a high risk category – either because they are immunocompromised or have an underlying condition that makes them more susceptible to the disease – should be granted a reasonable accommodation under the ADA and/or state law. Employees who live with someone who is high risk should be granted a similar accommodation. It would be a reasonable accommodation under the circumstances to allow the employee to work from home or take a non-working leave, if working from home is not possible.
Under OSHA rules, an employee’s refusal to perform a task will be protected if all of the following conditions are met:
- Where possible, the employee asked the employer to eliminate the danger, and the employer failed to do so; and
- The employee refused to work in “good faith.” This means that the employee must genuinely believe that an imminent danger exists; and
- A reasonable person would agree that there is a real danger of death or serious injury; and
- There isn’t enough time, due to the urgency of the hazard, to get it corrected through regular enforcement channels, such as requesting an OSHA inspection.
No Punishment or Retaliation for Raising Safety Concerns
An employer cannot retaliate against an employee for raising a safety concern. Additionally, employees who won’t work because of safety concerns may be considered to be engaging in protected concerted activity under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) if they have a “good faith” belief that their health and safety are at risk.
Incentivize Employees Instead
Instead of disciplining employees who express fear at this time, we recommend you consider methods to encourage employees to come to work and to help put their minds at ease. Consider emphasizing all of the safety methods you have put in place (e.g., scheduled hand-washing, frequent disinfection of surfaces, social distancing rules, reduced customer capacity, staggered shifts, or more extreme measures if warranted by your industry). We recommend relying heavily on CDC and local health department information in establishing safe working conditions at this time. You might also consider offering premium pay or additional PTO for use in the future to employees who must come to work.
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Legal Disclaimer: Payroll Partners and/or the HR Support Center are not engaged in the practice of law. The content in this email should not be construed as legal advice, and does not create an attorney-client relationship. If you have legal questions concerning your situation or the information you have obtained, you should consult with a licensed attorney. Payroll Partners and/or the HR Support Center cannot be held legally accountable for actions related to this article.